Toothache or tooth pain is caused when the nerve root of a tooth is irritated. Dental (tooth) infection, decay, injury, or loss of a tooth is the most common causes of dental pain. Pain may also occur after an extraction (tooth is pulled out). Pain sometimes originates from other areas and radiates to the jaw, thus appearing to be tooth pain. The most common areas include the jaw joint (temporomandibular joint or TMJ), ear pain, and even occasional heart problems.

• Dental decay.
• A fracture of the tooth.
• A cracked tooth. This may be invisible and so can be difficult to diagnose.
• Irritation of the pulp following dental treatment. Regardless of how well it is done, dental treatment and the materials used to fill the tooth can sometimes cause pain later.
• An exposed tooth root, which can occur if the gums recede or are damaged by over-vigorous brushing.

• Pain with chewing.
• Hot or cold sensitivity.
• Bleeding or discharge from around a tooth or gums.
• Swelling around a tooth or swelling of your jaw.
• Injury or trauma to the area.

• Garlic: A clove of garlic with a little rock salt should be placed on the affected tooth. It will relieve the pain and, sometimes, may even cure it. Alcove should also be chewed daily in the morning. It will make the cure teeth making it strongly and healthy.
• Onion: If a person consumes one raw onion every day by thorough mastication, he will be protected from host of tooth disorders. Chewing raw onion of three minutes is sufficient to kill all germs in the mouth. Toothache is often allayed by placing a small piece of onion on the bad tooth or gum.
• Lime: Lime, as a rich source of vitamin C, is useful in maintaining the health of the teeth and other bones of the body. It prevents decay and loosening the teeth, dental caries, toothache and bleeding of the gums.
• Clove: Another home remedy for toothache is in the use of clove, which reduces pain. It also helps decrease infection due to its antiseptic properties. Clove oil, applied to a cavity in a decayed tooth, also relieves toothache.
• Pepper: A mixture of pinch pepper powder and a quarter teaspoon of common salt is an excellent dentifrice. Its daily use prevents dental cavities, foul breath, bleeding from the gums and toothaches. It cures the increased sensitiveness of the teeth. A pinch of pepper powder mixed with clove oil can be put on the cavities to alleviate the toothache.

• Cleaning your teeth: Establish a good program of cleaning your teeth to remove the food particles. Brush your teeth after eating. Use a soft toothbrush with fluoride. Floss between teeth daily and brush your gums to encourage healthy gums.
• Prevent tooth decay with fluoride: Fluoride is effective in preventing the tooth decay in children. Fluoride is natural element and is found in many water supplies and vegetables.
• Visit dentist: Arrange to have your teeth cleaned by a dentist or dental hygienist twice a year. This has been shown to be effective in preventing both decay and gum disease. Dental x-rays may be needed every 3-5 years to identify the problems.
• Dental Guard: Wear a protective dental guard or headgear while playing sports to prevent injury.
• Avoid smoke: Tobacco smoking may make dental condition worse.